A diverse virome in kidney transplant patients contains multiple viral subtypes with distinct polymorphisms
نویسندگان
چکیده
Recent studies have established that the human urine contains a complex microbiome, including a virome about which little is known. Following immunosuppression in kidney transplant patients, BK polyomavirus (BKV) has been shown to induce nephropathy (BKVN), decreasing graft survival. In this study we investigated the urine virome profile of BKV+ and BKV- kidney transplant recipients. Virus-like particles were stained to confirm the presence of VLP in the urine samples. Metagenomic DNA was purified, and the virome profile was analyzed using metagenomic shotgun sequencing. While the BK virus was predominant in the BKV+ group, it was also found in the BKV- group patients. Additional viruses were also detected in all patients, notably including JC virus (JCV) and Torque teno virus (TTV) and interestingly, we detected multiple subtypes of the BKV, JCV and TTV. Analysis of the BKV subtypes showed that nucleotide polymorphisms were detected in the VP1, VP2 and Large T Antigen proteins, suggesting potential functional effects for enhanced pathogenicity. Our results demonstrate a complex urinary virome in kidney transplant patients with multiple viruses with several distinct subtypes warranting further analysis of virus subtypes in immunosuppressed hosts.
منابع مشابه
Monitoring subtypes of the human polyomavirus BK in Iranian adult kidney transplant patients
BK virus (BKV) is a polyomavirus with seroprevalence in adults, ranging from 60 to 100%. It is considered as usual cause of renal dysfunction after the allograft renal transplantation nephropathy. Potent immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplantation can lower the rate of acute rejection. Therefore, untreated BKV infections lead to kidney allograft dysfunction or loss. In order to estimate...
متن کاملTemporal Response of the Human Virome to Immunosuppression and Antiviral Therapy
There are few substantive methods to measure the health of the immune system, and the connection between immune strength and the viral component of the microbiome is poorly understood. Organ transplant recipients are treated with posttransplant therapies that combine immunosuppressive and antiviral drugs, offering a window into the effects of immune modulation on the virome. We used sequencing ...
متن کاملAssociation of Sebaceous gland hyperplasia, Wart, Syringoma and irritation Fibroma in a kidney transplant patient receiving long term Cyclosporin and Azathioprine
Cyclosporin and azathioprine are immunosuppressive drugs, used widely in kidney transplant patients. A significant association between immunosuppressive therapy and multiple warts was described several years ago. There are also some reports of sebaceous gland hyperplasia in kidney transplant patients receiving cyclosporin. We report herein a 57-year-old woman who developed multiple warts on her...
متن کاملDifference in the Cytomegalovirus-related clinical laboratory findings between patients with bone marrow and kidney transplantation
Background: Despite close monitoring of transplant patients, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains one of the most critical problems in the field of transplantation. This study aims to investigate the relationship between CMV viral load and clinical laboratory findings in transplant recipients. Materials And Methods: Thirty-four transplant recipients comprising 15 kidney transplant (KT) reci...
متن کاملThe Association Between Viral Infections and Co-stimulatory Gene Polymorphisms in Kidney Transplant Outcomes
BACKGROUND The surveillance of kidney transplant patients depends on function of different immunologic markers like co-stimulatory molecules. These molecules may also be associated with post kidney transplant viral related outcomes. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the possible associations between co-stimulatory molecule gene polymorphisms and viral infections in kidney tr...
متن کامل